What effect does cortisol have in the body during stress?

Cortisol, often referred to as the "stress hormone," plays a critical role in the body's response to stress. When an individual experiences stress, cortisol is released from the adrenal glands, which leads to several physiological changes aimed at preparing the body to respond effectively to the perceived threat.

One significant effect of cortisol is its role in increasing blood pressure. This occurs because cortisol enhances the sensitivity of blood vessels to other hormones that constrict blood vessels, such as epinephrine and norepinephrine. Additionally, cortisol influences fluid retention and the metabolism of minerals, including sodium, which can further contribute to elevated blood pressure. The overall effect is to ensure that vital organs receive adequate blood supply during stress, facilitating a "fight or flight" response.

While cortisol has various functions, including anti-inflammatory effects and impacts on metabolism, its immediate role in managing stress responses directly correlates with increasing blood pressure to prepare the body for rapid action.