What is the name of the protective layer that covers the root of a tooth?

The protective layer that covers the root of a tooth is called cementum. Cementum is a specialized bony substance that forms the outer layer of the tooth's root and helps anchor the tooth in the jawbone. It plays a crucial role in dental health by providing a surface for the attachment of the periodontal ligaments, which help hold the tooth in place within the socket. Unlike enamel, which covers the crown of the tooth and is highly mineralized and more durable, cementum is softer and more porous. It can also regenerate in response to wear over time.

In contrast, enamel is the outermost and hardest layer of a tooth but does not cover the root. The pulp cavity refers to the innermost part of the tooth that contains nerves and blood vessels, while dentin is the tissue located beneath the enamel and cementum, which also provides some support and insulation. Understanding these different parts of a tooth clarifies the unique role that cementum plays as a protective layer specifically for the root.