What is the term for the nonliving component that provides a framework for cells?

The term "matrix" refers to the nonliving component that provides structural support and a framework for cells. In biological contexts, the matrix often describes the extracellular material in which cells are embedded. This could include a variety of substances like proteins, sugars, and other molecules that contribute to the overall architecture of tissues. The matrix plays a crucial role in providing physical support, anchoring cells in place, and facilitating communication between cells. In connective tissues, for example, the extracellular matrix is essential for maintaining tissue integrity and function.

While terms like "stroma" and "substance" can relate to cellular environments, they do not specifically denote the structural role of the nonliving component in the same way that "matrix" does. "Stroma" is generally used to refer to the supportive tissue in organs, particularly in plants and organs like the chloroplasts in cells, while "substance" is a much broader and less specific term. "Framework" is somewhat descriptive but lacks the established definition and context that "matrix" provides in cellular biology.