What part of the nervous system controls automatic functions that the body does not consciously control?

The autonomic nervous system is responsible for regulating automatic functions within the body that occur without conscious control. This includes processes such as heart rate, digestion, respiratory rate, and the functioning of the glands. The autonomic nervous system is divided into two main branches: the sympathetic nervous system, which prepares the body for 'fight or flight' responses, and the parasympathetic nervous system, which promotes 'rest and digest' activities.

In contrast, the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems are more specific in their functions, rather than encompassing the broader range of automatic processes controlled by the entire autonomic nervous system. The cerebral cortex, on the other hand, is involved in higher-level functions, including sensory perception and cognitive activities, rather than managing involuntary actions. Therefore, the autonomic nervous system is the correct answer since it encompasses all the involuntary functions managed by both the sympathetic and parasympathetic components.