Which hormone works alongside epinephrine in the stress response?

The hormone that works alongside epinephrine in the stress response is norepinephrine. Both epinephrine and norepinephrine are catecholamines released from the adrenal medulla during stress reactions, contributing to the "fight or flight" response. They share similar physiological roles, such as increasing heart rate, enhancing blood flow to muscles, and mobilizing energy stores. Norepinephrine is also important for increasing alertness and arousal, coordinating with epinephrine to effectively prepare the body to respond to stressors.

In contrast, cortisol is a glucocorticoid hormone that plays a different role in the stress response by regulating metabolism and immune responses over longer periods. Glucagon is involved in increasing blood sugar levels, but it does not directly participate in the immediate stress response. Insulin functions to lower blood sugar and helps in the storage of nutrients, acting in opposition to the effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine during stress.