Which of the following is defined as excess heat, light, sound, or radiation that can disrupt an ecosystem?

The term that best describes excess heat, light, sound, or radiation that can disrupt an ecosystem is energy pollutants. Energy pollutants refer specifically to forms of energy that are released into the environment in quantities that can harm biological communities and ecological processes. These pollutants can alter habitats and impact the organisms living in those areas, leading to negative consequences for the ecosystem's health and stability.

In contrast, biological magnification refers to the process by which toxic substances increase in concentration as they move up the food chain. Substance pollutants usually refer to chemical contaminants like heavy metals or toxins, while ecological hazards can encompass a broader range of potential risks to an ecosystem but do not specifically focus on excess energy forms. Therefore, energy pollutants is the most accurate answer in this context.